Physical illusions – as in what we perceive through our eyes – are images that form in the mind’s eye, before our senses can perceive them.
Our brain can create physical illusions using one form of memory to create one image that is very similar to what we see – or think we see.
Our brain can sometimes generate a physical illusion that we see more often than we actually do.
These physical illusions are called illusions of depth, and are often associated with a depth illusion.
How many illusions are there?
There are many physical illusions, including some illusions of depth.
In a recent research, researchers looked at how effective different memory strategies are at manipulating perceived depth in different scenes.
They examined a single scene – a beach with a lot of trees and sea – where they thought one image looked as real as the other, while the other image had less contrast and made the scene a lot more complex.
Image copyright Science Photo Library Image caption The researchers studied what different memory strategies do to perceptions of objects
They found the memories tended to work more efficiently when they could tell that the scenes looked like the real thing when they were compared in real-time.
They found that when used to try to simulate an object in a scene they had seen themselves, the memories were also more effective.
To test this, the researchers also asked their participants to remember if they had seen any object in the scene, before making the scene look real.
The study, published in Nature Communications, showed that both the actual memory, and the ability to reconstruct an image that is very similar to the actual object would be required.
The team is now working to find a way to help those affected by depth and perception disorders, to help them see the world correctly and not be affected by illusions.
How do scientists simulate this?
We’ve developed a machine learning device – called an ImageNet-based model – that we use in studies.
The machine learns from thousands of images, which you can create in software by finding the best combination of the three types of image.
This machine learning device can also learn to create physical illusions and create images with an incredibly shallow visual field, so that only parts of the image can be seen, allowing us to see all the details of the object and not have to rely on depth illusions.
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